In the early 1950s, American biochemist Vincent du Vigneaud found that oxytocin is made up of nine amino acids, and he identified its amino acid sequence. The active principles of posterior pituitary extracts were purified for the first time by a team of scientists led by Oliver Kamm at Parke-Davis and Company, who in 1928 reported having successfully separated oxytocin from a second active substance in the posterior pituitary, vasopressin (or antidiuretic hormone) the Parke-Davis scientists coined the terms oxytocin and vasopressin.
Other researchers subsequently described the stimulation of milk ejection by infundibulin and other extracts of the posterior pituitary. In 1909 British physician William Blair-Bell noted that a posterior pituitary extract that he called infundibulin could not only facilitate parturition but also control postpartum bleeding. The existence of a neurohormone with effects on uterine muscle tissue was demonstrated in 1906, when English physiologist Sir Henry Dale found that extracts of posterior pituitary glands from oxen, when administered to animals such as cats and dogs, encouraged the uterus to contract. It is also synthesized and secreted in other tissues, including the brain, uterus, placenta, ovaries, and testes. In both sexes, oxytocin is produced by the hypothalamus and stored and secreted into the bloodstream from the posterior pituitary gland. Oxytocin is thought to influence a number of other physiological and behavioral processes as well, particularly sexual and social behaviour in males and females. Oxytocin, neurohormone in mammals, the principal functions of which are to stimulate contractions of the uterus during labour, to stimulate the ejection of milk (letdown) during lactation, and to promote maternal nurturing behaviour. © American Chemical Society ( A Britannica Publishing Partner) See all videos for this article SpaceNext50 Britannica presents SpaceNext50, From the race to the Moon to space stewardship, we explore a wide range of subjects that feed our curiosity about space!Įxamining the roles of various hormones as a person experiences love.Learn about the major environmental problems facing our planet and what can be done about them!
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